The burgeoning relationship between India and Spain represents a surprisingly potent example of strategic alignment in the evolving global landscape. Recent consultations, culminating in the 8th Foreign Office Consultations held in New Delhi on November 13, 2025, underscore a deepening engagement driven by shared interests and a recognition of the challenges posed by a multipolar world. This relationship, bolstered by high-level visits and institutional dialogues, is not merely a reflection of historical ties but a calculated investment in a future defined by increasingly complex geopolitical dynamics.
The foundation for this evolving partnership rests on historical diplomatic relations, dating back to 1956. However, the current phase is characterized by a conscious effort to translate this historical connection into tangible strategic benefits. Both nations share a commitment to multilateralism, albeit with distinct approaches – India prioritizing the G20 and the Global South, while Spain leverages its position within the European Union. This provides a framework for synergistic collaboration, particularly on issues of trade, investment, and security.
Recent developments, including the visit of Spanish President Pedro Sanchez to India in October 2024 and subsequent engagements between key ministers, have significantly elevated the level of interaction. Simultaneously, Spain’s proactive role within the EU – advocating for India’s participation in Ibero-American summits – highlights a subtle but effective diplomatic strategy. “India’s deepening engagement with Europe, particularly Spain, reflects a broader trend of countries seeking to diversify their partnerships and mitigate the risks associated with over-reliance on a single dominant bloc,” observes Dr. Amit Sharma, Senior Fellow at the Institute for Strategic Studies.
The C-295 military transport aircraft project, a cornerstone of India’s defense modernization, represents a critical component of this strategic alignment. The anticipated rollout of the first aircraft from the Airbus-TATA joint venture in Vadodra next year is a significant milestone, not just for India’s military capabilities but also for Spain’s technological contribution. The project symbolizes a broader pattern of defense cooperation, increasingly important as India navigates a complex security environment. “Defense cooperation is becoming a key pillar of this relationship, driven by the need for interoperability and shared technological advancements,” states Javier Ramirez, Head of the European Studies Programme at the University of Barcelona.
Beyond defense, the consultations highlighted shared priorities in trade and investment. India’s "Make in India" initiative finds a receptive audience in Spain, offering opportunities for Spanish companies to benefit from India’s rapidly growing economy. Furthermore, the burgeoning tourism sector, with India consistently ranking as one of Europe’s most popular destinations for Indian travelers and vice versa, presents a significant economic driver. Data from the Ministry of Tourism indicates that around 2.5 million Indian tourists visited Spain annually, while over 80,000 Spanish tourists travelled to India.
The strategic value of this alignment extends to global security challenges. Both India and Spain are committed to countering terrorism and promoting stability in volatile regions. Spain’s experience in managing the North African migration crisis, combined with India’s robust counter-terrorism efforts, creates a potential for collaborative approaches to complex security issues. The willingness to engage on multilateral fronts, such as within the Ibero-American framework, demonstrates a shared desire to contribute to global governance.
Looking ahead, the short-term impact of these consultations will likely involve continued dialogues across various sectors, with a focus on operationalizing agreements and solidifying existing collaborations. Within the next six months, expect intensified efforts to streamline trade processes, facilitate joint research initiatives, and deepen cooperation on defense logistics.
The long-term trajectory suggests a deepening, though perhaps asymmetrical, relationship. India’s economic growth and strategic influence will continue to draw Spain into its orbit. However, Spain’s integration within the EU presents both opportunities and potential friction points. Maintaining alignment will require skillful diplomacy and a shared understanding of the evolving geopolitical landscape. “The key will be managing the inherent tensions between India’s broader strategic ambitions and Spain’s commitment to the European Union,” argues Dr. Sharma. “A nuanced approach, prioritizing areas of mutual interest while acknowledging differing perspectives, is critical for sustained success.” The future likely sees deeper collaboration on sustainable urban development, leveraging Spanish expertise in green technologies, and continued exploration of synergies within the Ibero-American context. The next decade will reveal whether this strategic alignment can truly blossom into a durable partnership capable of navigating the challenges of a world increasingly defined by competition and uncertainty.