In a significant development for energy security and economic growth, the United States and Thailand have entered into force their Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (123 Agreement) on July 9, 2025. The landmark agreement marks a major milestone in the bilateral relationship between the two countries, underscoring their commitment to nuclear nonproliferation and cooperation.
The 123 Agreement provides a comprehensive framework for peaceful nuclear cooperation with Thailand, enabling the transfer of nuclear material, equipment, components, and information for nuclear research and civil nuclear energy production. This agreement is part of the Department’s efforts to support the President’s objectives and quickly respond to emerging global challenges.
Civil nuclear energy plays a vital role in ensuring energy security and economic growth by providing a reliable and domestically produced source of power, stabilizing energy supplies, and creating jobs. The 123 Agreement aims to enhance bilateral cooperation on energy security, further strengthen diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries, and support Thailand’s energy goals.
Thailand’s energy sector is poised to benefit from this agreement, with opportunities for the deployment of advanced U.S. nuclear technologies. The United States looks forward to developing a robust civil nuclear energy partnership with Thailand in the years to come, fostering commercial relations between the U.S. nuclear industry and Thailand while creating jobs in both countries.
Key highlights of the 123 Agreement include:
- Facilitating cooperation on nuclear research and development
- Enabling the transfer of nuclear material, equipment, and information
- Supporting Thailand’s energy goals and promoting energy security
- Fostering commercial relations between the U.S. nuclear industry and Thailand
- Creating jobs in both countries through the deployment of advanced U.S. nuclear technologies
The United States and Thailand have a long-standing relationship, with this agreement marking an important milestone in their diplomatic and economic partnership. As the two nations continue to work together on global challenges, they will prioritize cooperation on energy security, promoting peace and stability in the region.
Next Steps
The implementation of the 123 Agreement will be guided by a robust framework for nuclear nonproliferation, ensuring that all activities are conducted responsibly and in accordance with international standards. The Department of State will continue to engage with Thai authorities on the details of the agreement, working closely to ensure its successful implementation.
In conclusion, the entry into force of the 123 Agreement between the United States and Thailand marks an important milestone in their bilateral relationship, promoting energy security, economic growth, and cooperation on global challenges.