The core of this engagement is driven by Thailand’s impending role as ASEAN Chair in 2028. The country recognizes that proactively addressing demographic transformations—particularly the aging population—will be a cornerstone of its chairmanship and, more broadly, influence its international standing. Thailand’s own population is projected to age rapidly, with a median age expected to rise to approximately 46 by 2030. This presents both opportunities and vulnerabilities: a potentially skilled and experienced workforce, but also increased demand for healthcare, social security, and eldercare services. Data from the World Bank estimates that by 2040, 28% of Thailand’s population will be over 60, a figure significantly higher than the global average.
UNFPA’s involvement is strategically aligned with this. The organization, under Dr. Onabanjo’s leadership, views Thailand as a key case study for regional strategies related to an aging society. This includes knowledge transfer regarding innovative social policies, best practices in eldercare provision, and the development of sustainable economic models adapted to an aging population. “Thailand’s experience in navigating this transition offers valuable insights that can be applied across ASEAN,” Dr. Onabanjo stated in a recent briefing, “Lessons learned regarding pension reforms, healthcare adaptations, and fostering intergenerational equity will be crucial for the wider region.”
Furthermore, the discussions surrounding gender equality and prevention of gender-based violence represent a deliberate strategic move. Thailand, despite being a nation with a strong female workforce and significant progress in female education, faces persistent challenges regarding gender disparities in leadership roles, access to healthcare, and vulnerability to violence. UNFPA’s focus on promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights aligns with Thailand’s commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5, which prioritizes gender equality. The organization is likely to provide technical assistance to bolster Thailand’s efforts in these areas, emphasizing data-driven interventions and collaborative approaches involving civil society organizations and the private sector. Recent figures from the Thai Institute of Public Health suggest that approximately 27% of Thai women experience some form of gender-based violence annually, a statistic that underscores the urgency of these issues.
The collaboration is not without potential friction. Traditional Thai foreign policy has historically been characterized by a cautious approach to external influence, prioritizing national sovereignty. However, the need to address complex, multi-faceted challenges – particularly those related to demographic change – is increasingly compelling Thailand to seek external expertise and support. Maintaining this balance – leveraging international partnerships while safeguarding Thailand’s independence – will be a defining feature of its ASEAN chairmanship. “We are seeking to build a cooperative framework, rather than simply accepting externally imposed solutions,” Vangphaen emphasized in a post-meeting statement. “The goal is to create a regional dialogue and foster shared best practices, ultimately benefiting all ASEAN members.”
Looking ahead, the next six months will see a deepening of this collaboration, with UNFPA assisting Thailand in preparing a comprehensive national strategy for addressing the aging population. Longer-term, over the next five to ten years, Thailand’s engagement with UNFPA will be critical in shaping ASEAN’s response to demographic shifts across the region. This partnership will be tested by evolving geopolitical landscapes—particularly China’s growing influence in Southeast Asia—and the potential for increased competition for resources and technological innovation. The success of this strategic alliance will depend on Thailand’s ability to translate its ASEAN leadership into tangible outcomes, demonstrating a genuine commitment to regional stability and prosperity. The data surrounding the rising elderly population in Thailand, alongside the increased pressure on social security systems, paints a stark picture and necessitates decisive action. The strategic partnership with UNFPA represents an attempt to grapple with this reality in a proactive and multilateral way.