Key Outcomes of the Meeting
The core objective of the 1st Special GBC Meeting was to operationalize the positive outcomes of the Extraordinary GBC, primarily focusing on a phased approach to reducing tensions. As outlined in the joint statement, several key areas were addressed, demonstrating a commitment to practical solutions.
- Weapon Removal: Both sides agreed to a timeframe for the removal of heavy weapons and equipment back to their designated military installations. The formation of a Joint Secretariat, co-chaired by Major General Nhem Boraden of Cambodia and Lieutenant General Nuttapong Praokaew of Thailand, will spearhead the implementation of a detailed, step-by-step action plan within three weeks. This initiative is being monitored by the ASEAN Observation Team (AOT) to ensure transparency and accountability.
- AOT Establishment: Discussions centered on the creation of the ASEAN Observation Team (AOT), intended to oversee the weapon removal process and act as a neutral verification mechanism. The terms of reference are currently being finalized, with Malaysia, as ASEAN Chair, playing a crucial role in facilitating the AOT’s formation.
- Continued Use of the IOT/AOT: The existing Inter-Committee Observation Team (IOT) mechanism will continue to be utilized as a vital communication channel.
- Border Crossing Feasibility: The possibility of reopening border crossings between Chanthaburi and Trat Provinces in Thailand and Battambang Province in Cambodia was discussed, particularly for the export and import of goods, excluding military supplies. Further details will be examined through Regional Border Committee (RBC) meetings.
- Humanitarian Demining & Trade Facilitation: Both nations committed to collaborative efforts in humanitarian demining, aiming to contribute to socio-economic development and protect civilian lives. A Joint Coordinating Task Force, led by the GBC Secretariats, will be established within one week, with participation from CMAC (Cambodia Mine Action Centre) and TMAC (Thailand Mine Action Centre). Additionally, both sides acknowledged the need to address cross-border crimes, including trafficking and illegal border crossings, leading to plans for a joint task force.
Context and Background
The current situation stems from a protracted dispute over territory along the shared border, exacerbated by limited communication and a climate of mistrust. The Extraordinary GBC Meeting in August 2025 represented a crucial breakthrough, establishing a framework for dialogue and confidence-building. The 1st Special GBC Meeting builds upon this foundation, demonstrating a genuine desire from both parties to resolve the issues through a structured and cooperative approach.
“This meeting represents a tangible step towards restoring stability and trust along our shared border,” stated E. General Nattaphon Narkphanit, Acting Minister of Defence of Thailand, in a post-meeting press statement. “The commitment to a phased implementation, coupled with the establishment of the AOT, signals a serious and sustained effort to address the outstanding concerns.” According to Dr. Surin Aramwit, Senior Analyst at the Institute for Peace and Security Studies, “The success of this process will hinge on consistent communication, a willingness to compromise, and the effective implementation of the agreed-upon mechanisms.”
Short-Term and Long-Term Outlook
Short-term, the immediate impact of the 1st Special GBC Meeting is expected to be a reduction in heightened tensions along the border. The formation of the Joint Secretariat and the initial focus on weapon removal are likely to have a demonstrable effect in calming the situation. However, the true test will lie in the implementation of the detailed action plan and the credibility of the AOT.
Looking ahead, over the next 5-10 years, a successful outcome could lead to a more stable and predictable relationship between Cambodia and Thailand, fostering regional security and promoting economic cooperation. However, challenges remain, including the need to fully address underlying territorial disputes and to strengthen the mechanisms for conflict resolution. The success of the AOT and the effectiveness of the RBC meetings will be pivotal to achieving a long-term resolution.
The situation continues to be closely monitored by ASEAN and international observers. The next round of RBC meetings, scheduled within 30 days, will be critical in shaping the trajectory of this important diplomatic process.