They receive their mandates from the UN Human Rights Council, which is based in Geneva.
End harassment, ensure safety
They are neither UN staff, nor are they paid for the work. Last month, the experts issued a press release raising concerns ahead of the conference and calling for full and safe participation of civil society and human rights defenders without reprisals. They urged Egypt to end all harassment and intimidation, and to ensure the safety and full participation of human rights defenders and civil society. The experts received reports of activists being subject to intrusive questioning at the airport when entering Egypt, sparking fears that information collected on the activities of civil society organisations during COP27 could be misused.
Interrogation and surveillance
The four experts are all Special Rapporteurs appointed by the UN Human Rights Council. COP27 was due to end on Friday but is almost certainly set to continue into the weekend. The statement was issued by Mary Lawlor, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders; Clément Nyaletsossi Voule, Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism, and David Boyd, Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment. They monitor and report on issues such as the situation of rights defenders worldwide, and the right of everyone to a safe, clean and healthy environment.
Widespread ‘chilling effect’
Climate activists and civil society have been subjected to intimidation, harassment and surveillance during the two-week gathering, held in the resort town of Sharm El-Sheikh, they reported. However, they said they have received multiple reports and evidence of civil society members, including indigenous peoples, being stopped and interrogated by Egyptian security officers.
Concerns after COP27
The experts are engaging with the Egyptian Government and the UN climate change secretariat, UNFCCC, on this issue. “We call on Egypt to immediately end harassment and intimidation, to ensure the rights to participation, freedom of expression and of peaceful assembly at COP27, and abstain from reprisals against civil society, human rights defenders and indigenous people’s representatives who attended COP27,” they said. “We are deeply concerned by reported acts of harassment and intimidation by Egyptian officials, infringing the rights of Egyptian and non-Egyptian human rights and environmental defenders at COP27, including their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, expression, and effective participation,” their statement said. These experts are independent of any government or organization, and work on a voluntary basis.
About Special Rapporteurs
“We are concerned that these actions by Egyptian authorities have a chilling effect, impacting wide segments of civil society participating in COP27 as many groups have expressed concern about the need to self-censor to ensure their safety and security,” the experts said. They also expressed concern that once the spotlight shifts from Egypt when the conference ends, local human rights defenders could be targeted and risk reprisals for their engagement during the event. One human rights defender scheduled to attend COP27 was also denied entry to the country, they reported. Local security and support staff were also repeatedly monitoring and photographing civil society actors inside the conference.
